Electric Power System – EPS
Category : electrical
EPS – Electric Power System is the set of all facilities and equipment for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity up to and including measurement.
The generation is responsible for producing the electrical voltage.
The Electric Power Generating Plants can be:
Hydroelectric
Thermoelectric
Nuclear
Solar
Geothermal
Tidal Wave
Wind power
Biomass
After generation in AC, the voltage goes through a process of elevation to be transmitted at high voltage levels, due to lower losses and lower implementation cost of the transmission system, because the higher the voltage, the lower the electric current.
As the cable gauge determines the electric current and voltage drop, the higher the transmission voltage the smaller the cable gauge.
Transmission and subtransmission voltage values: 750; 500; 230; 138; 88; 69 kV.
The 69 and 88 kV voltages are considered subtransmission, ie the voltage values in a ETT – Transmission Transformer Station, to supply customers in subtransmission voltage.
When arriving at ETDs – Distribution Transformer Stations, also known as substations, the transmission voltage or subtransmission, depending on the supply voltage of the ETD, is lowered to primary distribution voltage values (34.5, 24.5 and 13, 8 kV). In some regions there is still a primary distribution voltage of 3.8 kV, but it is in extinction phase.
Distribution Transformer Station – DTS
The primary distribution circuits in the Electric Power System are identified according to the voltage class and working voltage, as follows:
Class 5 kV – Working Voltage – 3.8 kV – Circuit ID beginning with “0”
Example: Circuit 03, 04, 05.
Class 15 kV – Working Voltage – 13.8 kV – Circuit ID beginning with “1”
Example: Circuit 103, 104, 105.
Class 25 kV – Working Voltage – 24.5 kV – Circuit ID beginning with “2”
Example: Circuit 203, 204, 205.
Class 35 kV – Working Voltage – 34.5 kV – Circuit ID beginning with “3”
Example: Circuit: 303, 304, 305.
All ETDs have a name and an acronym. In the case of Capuava ETD, acronym CAP. ETD Santo André, acronym SND, and the nomenclature of the primary circuits will be:
SND – 03 – SND – 04 – SND – 05, because the primary distribution voltage of this ETD is 3.8 kV.
CAP – 103 – CAP – 104 – CAP – 105, because the primary distribution voltage of this ETD is 13.8 kV, and so on.
Primary distribution circuits with end ’00’ and ’01’ are distress circuits and are not used to distribute voltage to urban centers like the others. They are only in ‘voltage’, unloaded. If a problem occurs in any other circuit, such as a transformer failure, for example, the relief circuit will assume the load of the failed circuit through knife-wrench maneuvers.
Primary Distribution Circuit
Upon arriving at the electricity consumption centers, the primary distribution voltage may serve industrial customers and large Medium Voltage customers through the primary cabin, a contract to be entered into with the electricity concessionaire through electrical projects and other documentation.
To serve low voltage customers – BT, primary distribution voltage values should be lowered to secondary distribution voltage values and delivered to the customer input standard.
The utility is responsible for supplying the voltage value in accordance with the Norms and Standards to the customer input standard circuit breaker.
Responsibility for the construction and maintenance of the input standard is the responsibility of the customer, as well as the conservation of the watt hour meter that will be his responsibility. In case of misuse or vandalism, the customer will be responsible for the consequences.
Responsibility for periodic maintenance of the watt hour meter and repair in the event of damage due to wear of the equipment lies with the utility.
The supply voltage values in the delta and star system can be checked in the Delta System and Star System articles.
Adolpho Eletricista – Your Electrician in São Paulo – SP!
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